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Awesome experiment on cognitive differences between sexes

 
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Gazhul



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PostPosted: Tue Oct 09, 2007 10:26 pm    Post subject: Awesome experiment on cognitive differences between sexes Reply with quote

Here's an experiment published recently in Psychological Science that has added to the mountain of evidence that cognitive differences between men and women, to the extent that they exist, are generally cultural and not biological in origin. This experiment in particular gave quite an exciting result, because feats such as mental rotation are overwhelmingly assumed to be naturally favored by men. Here's the bibliographical info and abstract:

Jing Feng, Ian Spence, Jay Pratt (2007) "Playing an Action Video Game Reduces Gender Differences in Spatial Cognition". Psychological Science 18 (10), 850–855.

Quote:
ABSTRACT—We demonstrate a previously unknown gender difference in the distribution of spatial attention, a basic capacity that supports higher-level spatial cognition. More remarkably, we found that playing an action video game can virtually eliminate this gender difference in spatial attention and simultaneously decrease the gender disparity in mental rotation ability, a higher-level process in spatial cognition. After only 10 hr of training with an action video game, subjects realized substantial gains in both spatial attention and mental rotation, with women benefiting more than men. Control subjects who played a non-action game showed no improvement. Given that superior spatial skills are important in the mathematical and engineering sciences, these findings have practical implications for attracting men and women to these fields.


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Gul'Wur



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PostPosted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 5:01 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Extremely interesting.

Now we just need the feminists to get to play some action games, maybe they'll smarten up *snickers*.

If you follow the field, could you link me to some of the research on cognitive differences of men and women being cultural?


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K'Dahbruh
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PostPosted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 5:10 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Did you read the actual paper, or just the abstract?

The abstract you quoted does not support the conclusion you made. If you have the text of the paper, can you quote the relevant portions here?

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Gabriel



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PostPosted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 5:18 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Agreed with K'Dah. Even if (some of) the differences can be trained away, that does not automatically lead to the conclusion that the source of the differences is cultural. Lefthanded people can, with practice, become fully competent with righthanded operations but that doesn't falsify the original predisposition.
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Gazhul



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PostPosted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 7:36 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Full text: http://www.richardsimoes.com/videogame.pdf

The abstract itself does support my conclusion, though, especially the fact that, given the same training for the same amount of time, women magically catch up with men in the cognitive tests that followed. The training is a perfectly-controlled variable in this experiment. If this difference were biologically encoded, we would expect women to perhaps improve after training, but men to still perform well above them in the testing.


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Gabriel



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PostPosted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 7:51 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Gazhul wrote:
If this difference were biologically encoded, we would expect women to perhaps improve after training, but men to still perform well above them in the testing.


Not at all. Even if men and women have the same potential capability, there can still be a genetic predisposition to achieve more or less of that potential in the absence of specialized training. See my lefthandedness example again; a congenital predisposition towards lefthandedness does not diminish your righthanded potential, but it makes it less likely you'll ever fully explore that potential unless you go out of your way (or are forced) to do so.

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K'Dahbruh
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PostPosted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 10:29 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Gazhul wrote:
The abstract itself does support my conclusion, though, especially the fact that, given the same training for the same amount of time, women magically catch up with men in the cognitive tests that followed. The training is a perfectly-controlled variable in this experiment. If this difference were biologically encoded, we would expect women to perhaps improve after training, but men to still perform well above them in the testing.


I disagree. Neither the abstract nor the text of the paper support your conclusions.

Gazhul wrote:
Here's an experiment published recently in Psychological Science that has added to the mountain of evidence that cognitive differences between men and women, to the extent that they exist, are generally cultural and not biological in origin.


1. There is no 'mountain of evidence' to support your claim.
2. The 'to the extent they exist' portion of this sentence is meant to imply that some or many of the claims of gender differences in cognition are fallacious. This is an incorrect implication.
3. You then claim 'that cognitive differences between men and women...are generally cultural and not biological in origin'. You don't specify a sub-group of the cognitive differences that you're claiming are cultural, thus you are claiming that *all* cognitive differences between men and women are cultural, and not biological. This is not just incorrect, it's ridiculous.

Points 1 and 2 are obviously your opinion, and not derived from this paper.

Point 3 is not supported by this paper. This paper only addresses gender differences in spatial cognition, not all cognitive differences. Widening the claim to suggest that this paper addresses all cognitive differences is unfounded, and again ridiculous.

Even in the narrow area of spatial cognition, the authors of the paper agree that there are significant gender differences, and reference papers to that effect. Their claim is not that those differences do not exist, but that training appears to somewhat/mostly make up for the one specific difference they test.

Their conclusion summarizes to this - "training with appropriately designed action video games could play a significant role as part of a larger strategy designed to interest women in science and engineering careers". That's it. They don't make the claim that they've shown that gender differences in cognition are primarily cultural. Neither should you, based upon this paper.

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Derug



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PostPosted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 10:44 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

There's also a mountain of evidence showing cognitive differences.

We're not the same. We're not completely different. This should be unsurprising to anyone living in the real world.

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Ake



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PostPosted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 11:35 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

I just want to be a part of that study so I can get paid $10/hour to play video games.

*lobbies for more experiments of this type*

Seriously, though. This is an interesting study. One paper based upon one study isn't going to prove anything indefinitely, but it does pose some interesting questions on how far those cognitive differences extend. More experimentation would definitely be required.

There also seems to be something overlooked here. It's possible that women are able to adapt such that they more quickly acquire the cognitive skills to better perform on spatial tasks. It would be interesting to carry out the experiment longer to see whether or not women ultimately surpass men or if everyone eventually levels out around the same scores--but since several subjects maxed out performance on the test, they'd need to re-think the spatial tasks in order to make it more difficult for everyone to get perfect scores. The results of the testing just showed that women made such large leaps and bounds that they closed the initial gap while men made minimal improvements.

It would also be interesting to divide non-human primates by gender and see if they differ at all after a similar experiment (I'm not suggesting we train chimps to play video games, as cool as that would be, but rather we come up with a chimp equivalent for testing their capacity for spatial relations.)

One of the biggest barriers to getting my girlfriend to play shooter games with me is the complexity of the controls, which I guess is some kind of spatial-tactile manipulation that they don't really control for in the study mentioned here. Are there cognitive differences that make this easier for men than for women, and can that gap be closed by practice? I'm also kind of interested in how it differs based upon age as well as gender. All my friends who played much more video games than me as children (I was an outdoor kid who grew up to be an indoor kid) are much, much better at me in FPS. I have my moments in Halo 3, but I rarely ever take first place. I pretty much have to hide or stay behind everyone else and do opportunity-based killing in order to rack up the frags. I get a little better by playing more regularly, but I still never really catch up with them. My hand-eye coordinate just seems to be inferior. It's incredibly frustrating for a fragile ego such as myself Smile


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Ikko



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PostPosted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 11:56 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Pigs play video games
http://aginfo.psu.edu/Psa/fw97/eye.html

Orangutans play video games
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18064686/

Both those aren't really video GAMES so here is a chimp playing pacman
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18064686/

Sorry to derail but somone mentioned chimps playing videogames Very Happy


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K'Dahbruh
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PostPosted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 12:00 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Ake wrote:
It would be interesting to carry out the experiment longer to see whether or not women ultimately surpass men or if everyone eventually levels out around the same scores...


Some studies have women eventually surpassing men, as they tend to have a better 'manual dexterity' for small precise tasks (such as working game controls) - another cognitive difference between the genders.

Ake wrote:
I'm also kind of interested in how it differs based upon age as well as gender. All my friends who played much more video games than me as children (I was an outdoor kid who grew up to be an indoor kid) are much, much better at me in FPS. I have my moments in Halo 3, but I rarely ever take first place. I pretty much have to hide or stay behind everyone else and do opportunity-based killing in order to rack up the frags. I get a little better by playing more regularly, but I still never really catch up with them. My hand-eye coordinate just seems to be inferior. It's incredibly frustrating for a fragile ego such as myself


What's the old saying? Something like, "Age and Dirty Tricks beats Youth and Faster Reactions." Of course, it helps if they haven't played the game thousands of times more than you and have every sniper position memorized...

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Derug



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PostPosted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 12:50 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Ikko wrote:
Pigs play video games
http://aginfo.psu.edu/Psa/fw97/eye.html

Orangutans play video games
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18064686/

Both those aren't really video GAMES so here is a chimp playing pacman
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18064686/

Sorry to derail but somone mentioned chimps playing videogames Very Happy


Monkey + Video Game + Predator UAV w/ Hellfire missiles = Plausible Deniability.

I, for one, welcome our primate overlords.

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Gazhul



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PostPosted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 4:11 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Gabriel wrote:
Gazhul wrote:
If this difference were biologically encoded, we would expect women to perhaps improve after training, but men to still perform well above them in the testing.


Not at all. Even if men and women have the same potential capability, there can still be a genetic predisposition to achieve more or less of that potential in the absence of specialized training. See my lefthandedness example again; a congenital predisposition towards lefthandedness does not diminish your righthanded potential, but it makes it less likely you'll ever fully explore that potential unless you go out of your way (or are forced) to do so.


Yes, the experiment doesn't address the source of the initial differences between men and women's cognitive abilities, but the the equality of capacities is demonstrated.

K'Dahbruh wrote:
1. There is no 'mountain of evidence' to support your claim.

Sure there is. In the very same issue of Psychological Science there is an article on an experiment that links female academic participation and performance in math/science/engineering to the gender balance of a given female students' body of peers ("Signaling Threat: How Situational Cues Affect Women in Math, Science, and Engineering Settings"). Also, women see greater gains from the Flynn effect. There is indeed a mountain.

K'Dahbruh wrote:
2. The 'to the extent they exist' portion of this sentence is meant to imply that some or many of the claims of gender differences in cognition are fallacious. This is an incorrect implication.

I'd like to see you derive this implication from what I said. First- or second-order logic, your choice.

K'Dahbruh wrote:
3. You then claim 'that cognitive differences between men and women...are generally cultural and not biological in origin'. You don't specify a sub-group of the cognitive differences that you're claiming are cultural, thus you are claiming that *all* cognitive differences between men and women are cultural, and not biological. This is not just incorrect, it's ridiculous.

So my "generally cultural and not biological in origin" is to construed as "always cultural and not biological and origin"? I assume this isn't what you mean, so could you clarify?


K'Dahbruh wrote:
Point 3 is not supported by this paper. This paper only addresses gender differences in spatial cognition, not all cognitive differences. Widening the claim to suggest that this paper addresses all cognitive differences is unfounded, and again ridiculous.

I'll respond to this when you get a chance to clarify. As of now, "point 3" is not one I ever made.

K'Dahbruh wrote:

Even in the narrow area of spatial cognition, the authors of the paper agree that there are significant gender differences, and reference papers to that effect. Their claim is not that those differences do not exist, but that training appears to somewhat/mostly make up for the one specific difference they test.

Yes, I also see that they show a huge gap between men and women prior to training. I never said otherwise.

K'Dahbruh wrote:
Their conclusion summarizes to this - "training with appropriately designed action video games could play a significant role as part of a larger strategy designed to interest women in science and engineering careers". That's it. They don't make the claim that they've shown that gender differences in cognition are primarily cultural. Neither should you, based upon this paper.

This is precisely what they're showing. At least in terms of cognitive capacity, training equalizes men and women. There is no lower biological ceiling for women.


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Gabriel



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PostPosted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 4:19 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Gazhul wrote:
There is no lower biological ceiling for women.


Nobody's saying there is, so if that's the point you're making you've got nobody to argue against.

The statements "there is no lower biological ceiling" and "differences in untrained performance are purely cultural" have nothing to do with each other, since untrained performance may be susceptible to gender-based genetic influence entirely separately from ceiling performance.

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K'Dahbruh
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PostPosted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 5:46 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Gazhul wrote:
Stuff.


As far as I can tell, you missed about every point I made. I know myself well enough to realize if I try to respond now, I won't be able to do it diplomatically. My response will be less than constructive.

Anyone else want to take a shot?

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Gazhul



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PostPosted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 6:59 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Gabriel wrote:
Gazhul wrote:
There is no lower biological ceiling for women.


Nobody's saying there is, so if that's the point you're making you've got nobody to argue against.

The statements "there is no lower biological ceiling" and "differences in untrained performance are purely cultural" have nothing to do with each other, since untrained performance may be susceptible to gender-based genetic influence entirely separately from ceiling performance.


I appreciate the difference between the two and wasn't specifically seeking an argument. The main purpose was to share an exciting experiment. I suppose there's no getting around the emotional investments of grumpy old men like Kdah, though. Wink


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Ekor Nhuk



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PostPosted: Thu Oct 11, 2007 2:00 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Ok, I'm an engineer and therefore clueless as to what the hell Spatial whatever thingie means. All I know is that women like shopping, colors, flowers and gestures of sharing the feeling while men like manly stuff (too many to list). Therefore, that makes me a complete chauvinist and Im proud about it too. I actually wish we'd go back to hunting and gathering.

Anyways Im off my point. What, in plain english (for non psych majors) does this mean:

Quote:
ABSTRACT—We demonstrate a previously unknown gender difference in the distribution of spatial attention, a basic capacity that supports higher-level spatial cognition. More remarkably, we found that playing an action video game can virtually eliminate this gender difference in spatial attention and simultaneously decrease the gender disparity in mental rotation ability, a higher-level process in spatial cognition. After only 10 hr of training with an action video game, subjects realized substantial gains in both spatial attention and mental rotation, with women benefiting more than men. Control subjects who played a non-action game showed no improvement. Given that superior spatial skills are important in the mathematical and engineering sciences, these findings have practical implications for attracting men and women to these fields.


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Derug



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PostPosted: Thu Oct 11, 2007 2:30 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

It means that if we get women to play video games they can steal your job and add shopping, colours, flowers, and gestures of sharing the feeling to bridges, computers, or whatever it is you engineer.

Of course, that's somewhat like saying that if we can teach mice physics, they can do Stephen Hawking's job and postulate the universe's origins as having to do with cheese. Getting women to play FPSes is about as likely.

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Ake



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PostPosted: Thu Oct 11, 2007 3:48 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Ekor Nhuk wrote:
Ok, I'm an engineer and therefore clueless as to what the hell Spatial whatever thingie means. All I know is that women like shopping, colors, flowers and gestures of sharing the feeling while men like manly stuff (too many to list). Therefore, that makes me a complete chauvinist and Im proud about it too. I actually wish we'd go back to hunting and gathering.

Anyways Im off my point. What, in plain english (for non psych majors) does this mean:


More cognitive science than psych, but us philosophy majors get experience with all the subjects.

The background you need to know is that men typically have a higher capacity for spatial tasks--this means manipulating a 3D environment in your head. e.g. In FPS games you typically have an idea of the map layout in your head as well as the position of various obstacles, weapons, power-up items and your enemy. This requires spatial relational skills. Men tend to be better at this than women by a significant factor, but when women regularly play FPS games they suddenly are able to master spatial relational tests on equal levels as men. In other words, they go from being pwned by noobs to pwning noobs in a short time--like 10 hours. And while men are naturally good at this (or so we think), men who play for the same period of time don't really enhance their skill that much.


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